Situación del ejercicio profesional del licenciado en instrumentación y área quirúrgica en Paraguay

Introducción: en Paraguay en 1996 se crea la Escuela de Instrumentación y Área Quirúrgica, vinculada a una universidad pública, a partir del 2008 se crean otras ofertas en el sector privado. El instrumentador quirúrgico puede desempeñarse como instrumentador, circulante, coordinador general de quirófanos y coordinador de la central de esterilización. Objetivo: conocer la situación del ejercicio profesional del licenciado instrumentador quirúrgico en Paraguay. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y trasversal. La muestra es de 167 licenciados, egresados de instituciones pública y privadas. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, el instrumento de recolección de datos es un cuestionario electrónico. Resultados: el 74 % son mujeres, el 50 % presenta un rango de edad de 21 a 30 años, 79,6 % egresados de una institución pública, 40 % dice tener dificultad moderada para el primer empleo. El acceso al empleo, 71 % fue por contactos personales, el 72 % se dedica a instrumentar, el 60 % tiene una antigüedad laboral de 1 a 5 años. Entre los posgrados, el 30 % posee didáctica universitaria. Discusión: instrumentador quirúrgico, reúne las exigencias para ocupar otras funciones además de instrumentar y circular en el quirófano. Igualmente, en otros estudios se evidencia menor participación en el área administrativa, docencia, mercadeo y ventas. Han trascurrido 20 años del egreso de las primeras promociones, siendo una profesión novel, poco visualizado. Es de subrayar que el estado puede ahorrar recursos económicos al contratar a instrumentadores, puesto que son expertos en los cuidados asépticos y competentes en optimizar los tiempos quirúrgicos al que se expone el paciente.

Introduction: In Paraguay the school of Instrumentation and Surgical Area was created in 1996 linked to the National University, and in 2008 onwards other offers were created in the private sector. The Surgical Instrument Technician can work as instrumentalist, circulating nurse, general coordinator of operating rooms, and coordinator of the central sterilization unit. Objective: to know the work environment of the professional and licensed Surgical Instrument Technician in Paraguay. Methodology: descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study. The sample is 167 graduates, graduates of public and private institutions. Non-probability sampling for convenience, the data collection instrument is an electronic questionnaire. Results: 74% are women, 50% have an age range between 21 and 30 years old, 79.6% graduated from a public institution, 40% say they have moderate difficulty finding their first job in the field. Access to employment, 71% was through personal contacts, 72% is dedicated to work as Instrument Technicians, 60% have a job seniority of 1 to 5 years. Among the postgraduates, 30% are university didactics certified. Discussion: Surgical Instrument Technicians meet the requirements to perform other functions in addition to instrumentation and circulating nurses in the operating room. Similarly, other studies show less participation in the administrative area, teaching, marketing and sales. 20 years have elapsed since the first Technicians graduated, being a new profession, not given the importance it deserves. It is noteworthy that the state can save economic resources by hiring Surgical Instrument Technicians, since they are experts in aseptic care and competent in minimizing the amount of time the patient spends in surgery.

La formación y desarrollo de competencias profesionales en especialistas en cirugía general. Fundamentos teóricos

El nivel de competencia de los profesionales, ha constituido una preocupación en los sistemas de salud para incrementar la calidad de los servicios y de las universidades médicas, y aportar así un profesional con adecuado desempeño. Ante las tendencias actuales, los autores se trazaron como objetivo revisar los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan la formación y desarrollo de competencias profesionales en los especialistas en cirugía general, en correspondencia con las exigencias del sistema de salud cubano. Se realizó una búsqueda de información actualizada, entre enero y mayo de 2022, utilizando recursos disponibles a través de Infomed. Se consultaron las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, SciELO y LILACS, así como Google Académico. El proceso de sistematización y análisis documental permitió, como resultado, la fundamentación teórica para la formación y desarrollo de las competencias profesionales de los especialistas en cirugía general. Como conclusión se consideró que, dadas las funciones y acciones que deben cumplimentar los cirujanos generales, es imprescindible que estos posean las competencias requeridas, y constituye una prioridad la formación y desarrollo de las mismas para perfeccionar el desempeño, lo que enriquece a las ciencias de educación médica.

The level of competence of the professional staff has been a concern in health systems to increase the quality of services and medical universities, thus providing a professional with adequate performance. Given the current trends, the authors set out as an objective to review the theoretical fundaments that support the training and development of professional skills in general surgery specialists, in accordance with the requirements of the Cuban health system. An updated information search was conducted between January and May 2022, using resources available through Infomed. Electronic databases PubMed, SciELO and LILACS, as well as Google Academic, were consulted. The process of systematization and documentary analysis allowed, as a result, the theoretical foundation for the training and development of the professional skills of specialists in general surgery. In conclusion, it was considered that, given the functions and actions that general surgeons must perform, it is essential that they possess the required competencies, and it is a priority to train and develop them to improve performance, which enriches medical education sciences.

Análisis de la implementación del “Programa de tratamiento a familias con menores en situación de riesgo o desprotección en Andalucía”. Valoración de las y los profesionales / Analysis of the implementation of the Programme for Families involved in the Andalusian Child Welfare System. Assessment of the professionals

Se presentan los resultados de la valoración de las/os profesionales del Programa de tratamiento a familias con menores en situación de riesgo o desprotección en Andalucía a partir de la información de las/os 479 profesionales que componen los 147 Equipos de Tratamiento Familiar. Se analizó la fidelidad al programa, algunas dimensiones actitudinales relacionadas con esta (motivación, percepción de utilidad y eficacia, satisfacción con el equipo de trabajo) y la relación de dichas variables con los años de experiencia y el perfil profesional. Además, se examinaron las propuestas de cambio dirigidas a mejorar el programa. Se combinó el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de la información a partir de un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Los resultados evidenciaron una valoración positiva del programa por parte de las/os profesionales, tanto en términos generales como atendiendo a distintas dimensiones específicas. Además, la voz de las/os profesionales puso de manifiesto aspectos, tanto internos como externos al programa, susceptibles de mejora. Entre los aspectos internos destacó la modificación del manual del programa, la temporalización, la revisión de los perfiles profesionales y la formación continua. A nivel externo, señalaron la necesidad de mejorar los canales de coordinación y comunicación, y los procesos de supervisión (AU)

This study covers the implementation analysis of the Programme for Families involved in the Andalusian Child Welfare System from the perspective of a sample of 479 front-line practitioners from 147 family treatment services. Firstly, the fidelity to the programme, some related attitudinal variables (motivation, perception of utility and effectiveness, satisfaction with the teamwork), as well as the relationship of these variables with both practitioners’ experience and professional profile were analysed. Secondly, proposals for change suggested by the practitioners in order to improve the functioning of the programme were described. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses of the information from a questionnaire that included both open- and closed-ended questions was followed. The results showed that practitioners positively rated the programme, both in general terms and in specific implementation variables. They also highlighted several aspects that could be improved, including both program-related aspects included (as the modification of the program manual, the timing, the professional profiles and an ongoing training) and other aspects external to the program (as the need to improve and facilitate coordination and communication channels, and supervision processes). (AU)

The specialty of allergy and clinical immunology in Brazil.

Objective: To assess the profile of allergist/immunologist (A/I) physicians in Brazil, the workplace, the access to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on professional practice. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as an online survey. All adhering members of the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology (ASBAI) received a Google Forms tool by email. The questionnaire addressed sociodemographic and professional aspects of the Brazilian allergists/immunologists (A/I) daily routine. The information was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Results: Four hundred and sixty members answered the questionnaire. Women were predominant among the responders (336; 73%), and the median age was 47 years (range, 27-82 years). Most participants worked in the private sector (437, 95%), whereas 256 (47%) worked in the public sector. Among the public sector employees, 210 (82%) reported having access to some diagnostic test for allergic diseases and inborn errors of immunity. Only 91 (35%) A/I physicians in the public system had access to allergen-specific immunotherapy, compared to 416 (95, 9%) of those in the private sector. Regarding biological drugs, 135 (52.7%) and 314 (71.9%) of the A/I physicians working in the public and private sector, respectively, reported access. Two hundred and eighty-three (61.6%) had at least a 50% reduction in the number of consultations, and 245 (56%) provided telemedicine care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Brazilian A/I have incorporated the most recent advances in managing immunoallergic diseases into their clinical practice, but they still have little access to various diagnostic methods. Strategies to enable the presence of A/I in public health services should be discussed and implemented. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the incorporation of telemedicine as a viable and promising method of medical care and can expand access to the specialty.

Estudio transcultural del EPT-C en terapeutas de orientación dinámica post-racionalistas chilenos y argentinos / Transcultural PST-Q study in chilean and argentinean psychodynamic and post-rationalist psychotherapists

Resumen Antecedentes El objetivo de este artículo es comparar el Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (EPT) en psicólogos clínicos de dos enfoques teóricos, cognitivo post-racionalista y psicodinámicos, provenientes de dos países: Chile y Argentina. Además, se analizó el efecto de las variables demográficas y profesionales sobre el EPT. Método Se trabajó con una muestra compuesta por 138 psicoterapeutas, 50% chilenos ( n =69) y 50% argentinos ( n =69). Tanto en la muestra de terapeutas chilenos como argentinos, el 50,7% ( n =35) se identificaron de orientación cognitivo post-racionalista y el 49,3% ( n =34) de orientación psicodinámica. Se utilizó como instrumento el Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta. Resultados Se encontraron puntajes superiores en las Funciones Expresiva e Instruccional en terapeutas de nacionalidad chilena, y en la comparación de psicodinámicos versus terapeutas post-racionalistas, se registraron diferencias en las cinco dimensiones del EPT. Por último, se compararon a los terapeutas de acuerdo con su nacionalidad y enfoque teórico, y se encontraron diferencias en las funciones Expresiva e Instruccional al comparar psicólogos psicodinámicos de Argentina y Chile. Conclusiones Se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados en función de estudios previos.

Abstract Background The purpose of this article is to compare the Personal Style of the Therapist (PST) in clinical psychologists of two different theoretical orientations, post-rationalist cognitive and psychodynamic, from two countries: Chile and Argentina. Additionally, the effects of demographic and professional variables on PST were analyzed. Methods A sample consisting of 138 psychotherapists, 50% Chilean ( n =69) and 50% Argentinean ( n =69) was used. In both Chilean and Argentinean samples, 50.7% ( n =35) identified as having a post-rationalist cognitive theoretical orientation and 49.3% ( n =34) had a psychodynamic orientation. The Personal Style of the Therapist Questionnaire was used as a measure instrument. Results Higher scores were also found in the Expressive and Instructional Functions among Chilean therapists, and in the comparison between the psychodynamic and post-rationalist cognitive orientations, differences were recorded in all five dimensions of PST. Lastly, therapists were compared according to their nationality and theoretical orientation, and differences in the Expressive and Instructional Functions were found when comparing psychodynamic psychologists from Argentina and Chile. Conclusion The implications of these results are discussed based on previous research studies.

Psicologia e assistência social: crise e retrocessos pós-encerramento do ciclo democrático-popular / Psychology and social welfare: crisis and setbacks after the end of the popular-democratic cycle / Psicología y asistencia social: crisis y retrocesos tras el fin del ciclo democrático popular

Nas comemorações dos 60 anos da regulamentação da Psicologia no Brasil, este estudo ressalta o espaço e o debate que a Assistência Social ganhou na história da nossa ciência e profissão, com a análise sobre o panorama da profissão no Suas no período entre 2011 e 2019. O objetivo foi nos deter sobre os rebatimentos que a Assistência Social tem enfrentado e seus efeitos sobre a profissão, a partir dos acontecimentos que configuraram a difícil conjuntura política que assola o país, resultado do encerramento do Ciclo Democrático Popular com o golpe de 2016, a adoção de políticas de austeridade econômica impostas pelos governos subsequentes e o desmonte das políticas públicas. O método foi orientado por um estudo quantitativo com base nos microdados do Censo Suas no período indicado. Nos resultados, percebe-se a partir de 2016 uma desaceleração no curso de expansão dos equipamentos que compõem a Rede Suas e na formação das equipes de trabalho, incluindo profissionais da Psicologia. O perfil profissional de psicólogas(os) no Suas segue composto sobretudo por mulheres, com idade entre 30 e 39 anos, contando apenas com graduação. Ressalta-se o aprofundamento da precarização dos vínculos de trabalho, aspecto que recai com maior peso sobre as profissionais do sexo feminino se comparado aos do masculino que atuam no Suas. Conclui-se que a Assistência Social segue como importante área de absorção de psicólogas(os), sobretudo de início de carreira, porém há intensificação da precarização do trabalho, que recai com maior peso sobre as mulheres.(AU)

Amidst the 60th anniversary of the regulation of Psychology in Brazil, this study highlights the space and debate that Social Welfare has gained in the history of our science and profession, outlining a panorama of the profession in the SUAS between 2011 and 2019. This paper dwells on the repercussions that Social Welfare has faced and its effects on the profession, based on the difficult political conjuncture that plagues the country, resulting from the closure of the Popular Democratic Cycle with the 2016 coup, the adoption of economic austerity policies imposed by subsequent governments and the dismantling of public policies. This quantitative study uses microdata collected from the SUAS Census, in the indicated period. Results show a slowdown in the expansion of the SUAS Network's equipment and the training of work teams, including Psychology professionals, from 2016 onwards. The professional profile of SUAS psychologists is still made up mostly of women, aged between 30 and 39 years old, with only undergraduate degrees. These findings emphasize the enhanced job insecurity, an aspect that falls more heavily on female professionals when compared to men working in the SUAS. In conclusion, Social Welfare remains an important area for the absorption of psychologists, especially in the beginning of their careers, but with greater job insecurity, which weighs more heavily on female professionals.(AU)

En 60 años de la regulación de la Psicología en Brasil, señalamos la importancia de que la Asistencia Social ha ganado en la historia de nuestra ciencia y profesión, con un análisis del panorama de la profesión en el SUAS en el período entre 2011-2019. El objetivo fue centrarse en las repercusiones que ha enfrentado la Asistencia Social y sus efectos en la profesión, a partir de los acontecimientos que han configurado la difícil coyuntura política que ha azotado al país, después el golpe de Estado de 2016, con el desmantelamiento de las políticas públicas. Como método se aplicó un estudio cuantitativo basado en los microdatos del Censo SUAS, en el período indicado. Los resultados muestran que a partir de 2016 hubo una disminución en la ampliación de las instalaciones que conforman la Red SUAS y en la propia formación de los equipos de trabajo, incluidos los psicólogos. El perfil profesional de las/os psicólogas/os en el SUAS sigue siendo mayoritariamente de mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y los 39 años, y solo con titulación de grado. Se destaca la profundización de la precariedad de los vínculos laborales, aspecto que recae con mayor fuerza sobre las mujeres de la profesión si se compara con los hombres. Se concluye que la Asistencia Social sigue siendo un área importante para la absorción de las/os psicólogas/os, sobre todo al inicio de la carrera, pero con una mayor intensificación de la precariedad laboral sobre las mujeres.(AU)

Impacto de los cursos pregrado y perfil de los estudiantes peruanos de Medicina Humana / Impact of undergraduate courses and profile of Peruvian medical students

Introducción: Las características de los nuevos estudiantes de medicina son importantes para estimar la trascendencia de los cursos durante su formación profesional. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil de los estudiantes y el impacto de los cursos de pregrado en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Norbert Wiener en Lima, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 148 estudiantes de pregrado de segundo y tercer año durante el 2019, que ya habían cursado los cursos básicos, cursos específicos y de especialidad. Para evaluar el impacto se seleccionaron 34 cursos y se utilizó cuestionario de 53 preguntas cerradas de opción múltiple dividida en tres partes: 1) datos demográficos, 2) actividades frecuentes, 3) impacto de cursos. Resultados: Del total, 77 (55,8 por ciento) estudiantes tuvieron entre 20-30 años, 69,6 por ciento fueron mujeres y 26,8 por ciento trabajaban. Los estudiantes dedican un tiempo regular a la lectura de artículos científicos (61 por ciento), y poco tiempo a aprender idiomas (69,3 por ciento), deporte, arte o política (≥ 72 por ciento). Los cursos con alto impacto fueron: Morfofisiología Normal I (74 por ciento) y II (71,5 por ciento), Noxas y Respuestas I (72,1 por ciento) y Nutrición para las Ciencias de la Salud (44 por ciento), en los cursos específicos. En los cursos de especialidad los de mayores porcentajes fueron Semiología, Fisiopatología y Raciocinio Clínico (72,4 por ciento), Medicina Interna I (73,5 por ciento), Noxas y Respuestas II (65 por ciento), Medicina Interna II (76,5 por ciento). Conclusiones: Se determinó un perfil heterogéneo y alto impacto en los cursos de especialidad y específicos de pregrado en estudiantes peruanos de Medicina(AU)

Introduction: The characteristics of new medical students are important to estimate the relevance of the courses they will attend during their professional training. Objective: Determine the profile of students and the impact of undergraduate courses on medical students from Norbert Wiener University in Lima, Peru. Methods: A prospective study was conducted of 148 second- and third-year undergraduate students during the year 2019. These students had already attended basic, specific and specialty courses. A total 34 courses were selected for impact evaluation, using a questionnaire containing 53 multiple choice closed-ended questions divided into three sections: 1) demographic data, 2) frequent activities and 3) course impact. Results: Seventy-seven (55.8 percent) students were aged 20-30 years, 69.6 percent were female and 26.8 percent were workers. The students spend a fair amount of time reading scientific articles (61 percent) and little time learning languages (69.3 percent) or about sports, art and politics (≥ 72 percent). The highest-impact specific courses were Normal Morphophysiology I (74 percent) and II (71.5 percent), Damage and Responses I (72.1 percent) and Nutrition for Health Sciences (44 percent), whereas the specialty courses obtaining the highest percentages were Semiology, Physiopathology and Clinical Reasoning (72.4 percent), Internal Medicine I (73.5 percent), Damage and Responses II (65 percent) and Internal Medicine II (76.5 percent). Conclusions: Determination was made of a heterogeneous profile and a high impact of specific and specialty undergraduate courses in Peruvian medical students(AU)

Perfil e formação do profissional do CAPS e sua compreensão do transtorno mental / CAPS professional profile and training and the understanding of mental disorder

A Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira vem produzindo mudanças na compreensão e cuidado aos indivíduos com transtornos mentais, sendo o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) o serviço responsável pelo atendimento desses sujeitos. Essa pesquisa busca compreender como é o perfil dos profissionais que atuam no CAPS e o entendimento dos mesmos sobre o transtorno mental, sua evolução e frequência. Foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais de nível superior. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo de Bardin, das quais originou 3 categorias. Os resultados mostraram que todos os profissionais possuem especializações. Acreditam que o sofrimento mental é complexo, anunciando algo que muitas vezes não é dito e revelado, como porta-voz da sociedade. Os transtornos mais frequentes são o transtorno bipolar, os de personalidade e do espectro da esquizofrenia. O perfil e atuação desses profissionais demonstram que a Reforma Psiquiátrica tem sido efetiva nesse CAPS.

The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform has been producing changes in the understanding and care of individuals with mental disorders, and the Psychosocial Attention Center (CAPS) is the service responsible for these subjects. This research has the objective to understand the profile of the professionals working in the CAPS and their understanding of the mental disorder, its evolution and frequency. Interviews were conducted with professionals of higher education. The interviews were submitted to the content analysis of Bardin, from which 3 categories originated. The results showed that all professionals have specializations. They believe that mental suffering is complex, announcing what is often not said and revealed, as a society's spokesperson. The most frequent disorders are bipolar disorder, personality disorders and spectrum of schizophrenia. The profile and the understanding of these professionals demonstrate that the Psychiatric Reform has been effective in this CAPS.

Sensory Preference and Professional Profile Affinity Definition of Endangered Native Breed Eggs Compared to Commercial Laying Lineages' Eggs.

This study aimed to compare Utrerana native hen eggs' sensory properties to Leghorn Lohmann LSL-Classic lineage's commercial and ecological eggs through free-choice profiling. Second, affine and non-affine profiles were defined using the information provided by professionally-instructed panelists on six sets (sensory attributes, diet habits, production context awareness, product consciousness, cuisine applicability and panelist attributes) using nonlinear canonical correlation analysis. Sixty-four instructed professional panelists rated 96 eggs on 39 variables comprising the above-mentioned sets. Observers reported a significantly higher appreciation (p > 0.05) towards yolk color, odor, flavor, texture, overall score, and whole and on plate broken egg visual value when Utrerana eggs were compared to the rest of categories. Professional Profile A (PPA), or egg non-affine profile, consumed less eggs and provided lower scores to sensory attributes than Professional Profile B (PPB), or affine profile. Additionally, PPB accounted for higher knowledge about the Utrerana breed and provided greater importance to a product's ecological and autochthonous nature. PPA was generally characterized by women under 20 years old with no higher studies, while PPB comprised 21-40 years old men with secondary studies. In conclusion, defining professional profiles enables correctly approaching market needs to improve the profitability of Utrerana eggs, meeting professional demands and educating non-affine profiles.

Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho no Sul do Brasil: características dos profissionais, da atuação e dos contextos de trabalho / Industrial and Organizational Psychology in Southern Brazil: characteristics of professionals, practices, and work contexts / Psicología Organizacional y del Trabajo en el Sur de Brasil: características de los profesionales, de la actuación y de los contextos de trabajo

Este estudo descreve a atuação dos psicólogos no campo da POT no sul do Brasil. 300 participantes que atuam nos três estados da Região Sul responderam a um questionário online. Os resultados indicaram que: são mulheres (88,3%), têm até 49 anos (75,3%), são especialistas (62,7%), registrados no CRP (90%), realizam atividades de atualização (76,3%), fundamentam seu trabalho em alguma teoria psicológica (47%), realizam avaliação psicológica (63,7%) e emitem laudos (60%), não são contratados como psicólogos (72,1%) e atuam de forma predominantemente individual. Suas principais atividades são predominantemente relacionadas à gestão de pessoas (99%), destacadamente em treinamento (55%) e recrutamento e seleção (53%). Contrariamente aos relatos da literatura sobre POT, o campo de atuação profissional continua restrito às atividades tradicionais que o caracterizaram ao longo do século XX. Conclui-se que compete aos profissionais da área esforços para a ampliar o campo, já que isso não surgirá como demanda espontânea das organizações.

This study describes the scope of practice of work and organizational (I/O) psychologists in the Southern Region of Brazil. A total of 300 participants who work in the three states of the Southern Region answered a questionnaire online. Results indicated that they: are mainly women (88.3%), up to 49 years old (75.3%), specialists (62.7%), registered with the Regional Council on Psychology (CRP) (90%), engage in activities to stay up-to-date (76.3%), base their work on some psychological theory (47%), do psychological evaluations (63.7%) and issue psychological reports (60%), are not contracted as psychologists (72.1%), and mainly work individually. Their main activities are predominantly related to human resources management (99%), especially training (55%), and recruitment and selection (53%). Contrary to the literature on I/O psychology, the scope of practice remains restricted to the traditional activities developed throughout the twentieth century. We conclude that it is the responsibility of professionals working in the field to expand it, since this will not emerge as spontaneous demand from organizations.

Este estudio describe el alcance de la práctica profesional de los psicólogos organizacionales y del trabajo (POT) en la región sur de Brasil. Los 300 participantes, que trabajan en los tres estados de la Región Sur, respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Los resultados indicaron que: son mujeres (88.3%), tienen hasta 49 años (75.3%), especialistas (62.7%), registrados en CRP (90%), basan su trabajo en alguna teoría psicológica (47%), realizan evaluación psicológica (63.7%) y emiten laudos psicológicos (60%), no son contratados como psicólogos (72.1%) y trabajan individualmente. Sus actividades principales están relacionadas con la gestión de recursos humanos (99%), especialmente la capacitación, (55%) reclutamiento y selección (53%). Contrariamente a la literatura sobre POT, el alcance de la práctica sigue restricta a las actividades tradicionales desarrolladas a lo largo del siglo XX. Concluyese que es responsabilidad de los profesionales que trabajan en el campo ampliarlo, ya que esto no surgirá como una demanda espontánea de las organizaciones-

La formación sociohumanística en el currículo de las facultades de odontología en colombia

Un aporte necesario para comprender la situación actual del ejercicio odontológico es la creación de nuevas leyes, las cuales se han implementado en concordancia con las transformaciones socioeconómicas. Se podría afirmar que nuevas estrategias de mercado, control de calidad, urbanización e industrialización han entrado al panorama laboral y académico y han modificado la práctica odontológica y, con ello, se han derivado cambios racionales dentro de los currículos universitarios en Colombia. Asimismo, estos cambios han afectado los perfiles de los nuevos odontólogos egresados de estas instituciones, a quienes se les convoca de manera tácita a formar un profesional acorde con un escenario laboral que asume nuevos retos con el cambio. Se puede evidenciar que los cambios administrativos ya se implementan en los currículos de las facultades de odontología en Colombia, de acuerdo con las exigencias proyectadas en la normatividad del Ministerio de Educación y el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. De este modo, se ha adoptado un perfil profesional y una práctica orientada no solo a desarrollar capacidades para diagnosticar y tratar técnicamente enfermedades de manera individual en un consultorio, sino también a integrar otros aspectos para resolver problemas de orden individual y comunitario. Sin embargo, no hay una conexión coherente entre el esfuerzo de quienes orientan el proceso formativo hacia una formación sociohumanística y el funcionamiento del actual sistema de prestación de servicios en salud, el cual demanda un profesional enfocado en sus habilidades técnicas y deja en un segundo plano las necesidades que surgen en el contexto social.

A necessary contribution to understand the current situation of the dental practice is the creation of new laws, which have been implemented in accordance with socio-economic transformations. It could be said that new market strategies, quality control, urbanization and industrialization have entered in the labor scenario and have modified the dental practice, thus, have led to rational changes within the university curricula in Colombia, and in the profiles of the new dentists graduated from these institutions, who are summoned in a tacit manner to educate a professional according to a labor scenario that assumes new challenges as a result of changes. It can be evidenced that administrative changes are already implemented in the curricula of the dental faculties in Colombia, in accordance with the requirements stablished in the provisions of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection, adopting a professional profile and a performance focused not just to develop skills to diagnose and technically treat diseases in an individual basis in a dentist office, but also to integrate other aspects oriented to solve not only individual, but also community problems. However, the effort of those who guide the educational process towards a socio-humanistic education, does not meet a coherent connection with the way the current health care service system works, which demands a professional focused on technical skills, and leaving in a second place the needs that arise in the social context.

Uma contribuição necessária para compreender a situação atual da prática odontológica é a criação de novas leis, que foram implementadas de acordo com as transformações socioeconômicas. Pode-se dizer que novas estratégias de mercado, controle de qualidade, urbanização e industrialização mudaram a prática odontológica e levaram a mudanças racionais dentro dos currículos universitários na Colômbia e os perfis dos novos dentistas formados nessas instituições, que são convocadas de forma tácita para formar um profissional de acordo com um cenário de trabalho que assume novos desafios com a mudança. É possível mostrar que as mudanças administrativas já são implementadas nos currículos das faculdades de odontologia na Colômbia, de acordo com os requisitos previstos nos regulamentos do Ministério da Educação e do Ministério da Saúde e Proteção Social, adotando um perfil profissional e uma prática orientada não apenas a desenvolver capacidades para diagnosticar e tratar tecnicamente doenças de forma individual em um consultório, mas também a integrar outros aspectos orientados a resolver problemas não apenas individuais, mas também comunitários. No entanto, o esforço de quem orienta o processo de formação para uma formação sócio-humanística não encontra uma conexão coerente com o funcionamento do atual sistema de prestação de serviços de saúde, que exige um profissional focado em suas habilidades técnicas, deixando em segundo lugar, as necessidades que surgem no contexto social.

Percepción del perfil profesional de los fisioterapeutas de una universidad pública / Perception of the professional profile of the physiotherapist of a public university

Resumen Introducción: El perfil profesional consiste en la descripción de las habilidades, conocimiento y destrezas que un profesional debe tener o tiene para ejercer eficientemente en un puesto de trabajo; son actividades que los jefes directivos esperan que asuma el trabajador como parte del desarrollo de su profesión. Objetivo: Describir la percepción del perfil profesional del egresado de fisioterapia en una Institución Universitaria Pública desde la perspectiva de los jefes directos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con una muestra de 25 jefes directos de los egresados de una universidad pública, seleccionados aleatoriamente de la base de datos de egresados de la institución; quienes diligenciaron un cuestionario en físico de 33 preguntas, elaborado por los investigadores. Resultados: Los cuestionarios fueron analizados con Microsoft Excel. De acuerdo con la valoración dada por los jefes directos del fisioterapeuta, se caracterizó por un alto grado de compromiso profesional y ético, conocimientos teóricos y prácticos, además de la calidad en el trabajo y cumplimiento. Sin embargo, la competencia menor calificada, fue el conocimiento de idiomas. Conclusiones: La percepción del perfil profesional para el jefe directo, tiene que ver con las competencias específicas y con la práctica basada en la evidencia, siendo las que obtuvieron un valor de 80%, por debajo del resultado obtenido en las competencias genéricas en el perfil observado en el profesional de la institución superior.

Abstract Introduction: Professional profile involves the description of abilities, knowledge and skills that every professional has or should have for an efficient work performance. This entails activities that executive heads expect that workers are in charge as part of their professional development. Objective: To describe the perception of the professional profile of the physiotherapy graduate in a public university institution from the perspective of the direct heads. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 25 direct heads of graduates of a public university, randomly selected from the database of graduates of the institution. The participants answered a 33-question printed questionnaire designed by the researchers. Results: Every questionnaire was analyzed with Microsoft Excel. In accordance to the given assessment of the direct heads, the physiotherapists were characterized by having high professional and ethical commitment, theoretical and practical insights, and high quality in work performance and compliance at work. Nevertheless, the competence with the lowest score was the knowledge on foreign languages. Conclusions: The perception of the professional profile from the direct heads has to do with the specific competences and the evidence-based practice. These obtained a value of 80%, below the result obtained in the generic competences in the profile observed in the professional of the higher institution.

Perfil profesional de los fonoaudiólogos colombianos que trabajan con adultos mayores / Professional profile of Colombian speech and language pathologists that work with elderly persons

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar el perfil profesional de fonoaudiólogos que trabajan con adultos mayores en Colombia. Metodología: La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo; los participantes fueron 30 fonoaudiólogos quienes se encargaron de responder una encuesta. La encuesta contenía ítems relacionados con el perfil sociodemográfico, el perfil profesional, el quehacer fonoaudiológico y las percepciones sobre la población adulta mayor. Resultados: El abordaje fonoaudiológico con esta población se caracteriza por estar centrado en el escenario salud, en su mayoría el rol es el asistencial, específicamente en los procesos de evaluación e intervención en las áreas de deglución, lenguaje y comunicación Conclusiones: Los resultados permitieron caracterizar el perfil profesional y el quehacer del fonoaudiólogo con la población adulta mayor. También evidencian la importancia de continuar el trabajo con este grupo etario en función de sus habilidades y bienestar comunicativo, y de allí la necesidad de plantear estudios que pueden servir para comprender la comunicación en población adulta con y sin desórdenes.

The aim of the study was to characterize the professional profile of speech therapists who work with elderly adults in Colombia. Methodology: The study was descriptive; participants were 30 speech and language pathologists who answered a survey including items related with sociodemographic profiles, professional profiles, speech and language pathology tasks, and perceptions about the elder adults. Results: The approach to speech and language pathology practice with this population is focused on the health setting, is mainly centered on assisting patients on areas such as swallowing, language, and communication. Conclusions: The results allowed characterizing the professional profile and the speech and language pathologist's practice with the elderly adult population. They also showed the importance of working with elderly persons based on their abilities and their communicative well-being. Also, it is necessary to conduct further studies to understand communication among elderly adults with and without disorders.

Administración deportiva: un área con retos y gran futuro / Sports management: an area with challenges and a great future / Administração esportiva: uma área com desafios e um grande futuro

Objetivo: identificar las necesidades formativas y las demandas del mundo laboral del profesional en administración y gestión deportiva, buscando con ello que su formación garantice un desempeño cada vez más eficiente en las organizaciones del sector. Metodología: se analizaron los datos de la caracterización de los egresados del Instituto Universitario de Educación Física de la Universidad de Antioquia en aspectos socioeconómicos, laborales y formativos. Además, se analizó un foro realizado en la institución, en el cual participaron expertos en el campo de la gestión. Resultados: se destaca la necesidad, en el campo laboral, de educadores físicos competentes en administración y gestión deportiva. Se evidencia, además, que el rol del egresado del Instituto ha ido ganando protagonismo en diferentes organizaciones del sector, pasando de cargos operativos a ejecutivos y directivos, dejando como posibles líneas de investigación el análisis de la gestión de los dirigentes en temas específicos de la gerencia deportiva como el talento humano y la satisfacción de usuarios en las entidades que lideran.

Objective: to identify the formative needs and demands of the professional world of sports administration and management, seeking with it that their formation guarantees an increasingly efficient performance in the organizations of the sector. Methodology: the characterization data of the graduates of the Instituto de Educación Física de la Universidad de Antioquia {Physical Institute of the University of Antioquia} in socio-economics, labor and formation aspects were analyzed. In addition, a forum held at the institution, in which many experts on the matter participated was analyzed as well. Results: It is highlighted the need of competent physical educators in sports administration and management in the labor field. It was also noted that the role of graduates from the Institute has been gaining prominence in different organizations of the sector, transitioning from operational positions to executives and managers; leaving as possible lines of research to analyze the management of leaders on specific topics of the sports management such as, human resources, and user satisfaction in the entities they lead.

Objetivo: identificar as necessidades formativas e as demandas do mundo trabalhista do profissional em administração e gerenciamento esportivo, procurando com isso que sua formação garanta um desempenho a cada vez mais eficiente nas organizações do setor. Metodologia: analisaram-se os dados da caracterização dos graduados do Instituto Universitário de Educação Física da Universidade de Antioquia em aspectos socioeconômicos, trabalhistas e formativos. Ademais, analisou-se um foro realizado na instituição, no qual participaram experientes no campo do gerenciamento. Resultados: destaca-se a necessidade, no campo trabalhista, de educadores físicos competentes em administração e gerenciamento esportivo. Evidenciou-se, ademais, que o papel do graduado do Instituto ganhara protagonismo em diferentes organizações do setor, passando de cargos operativos a executivos e diretores, deixando como possíveis linhas de investigação a análise do gerenciamento dos dirigentes em temas específicos da gerencia esportiva, como o talento humano e a satisfação de usuários nas entidades que lideram

Resultados de trabajo del Grupo para el Estudio de las Competencias en Salud / Work outcomes of the Group for the Study of Health Competences

Introducción: las competencias y el desempeño laboral de los profesionales de la salud han constituido una preocupación de los sistemas de salud en el mundo para incrementar la calidad de los servicios y ha exigido a las universidades de ciencias médicas aportarles un profesional con adecuada capacidad y modo de actuación profesional. Objetivo: informar a la comunidad científica los resultados de trabajo y aportes científicos del Grupo para el Estudio de las Competencias en Salud durante los años 2015-2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo de carácter descriptivo de la actividad científica que ha desarrollado el Grupo para el Estudio de las Competencias en Salud. Se efectuaron diversas actividades como talleres, conferencias, presentación de temas y grupo de discusión. Resultados: el grupo integrado por 15 profesionales de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, se trazó diferentes objetivos de trabajo y debatió sobre temas relacionados con definiciones, historia y evolución de las competencias, metodologías, cienciometría y competencias profesionales en Medicina Interna, Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias y Pediatría, fundamentalmente. Se realizaron 15 publicaciones científicas en 7 revistas nacionales e internacionales, dos tesis doctorales y se aplicó un programa académico en el internado vertical de la carrera de medicina por competencias profesionales. Conclusión: el Grupo para el Estudio de las Competencias en Salud ha realizado un encomiable trabajo de desarrollo tecnológico, prospectivo, propositivo y de proyección estratégica en múltiples esferas de las ciencias biomédicas, con resultados muy positivos en su producción científica para desarrollar y perfeccionar el enfoque de las competencias en salud en Cuba(AU)

Introduction: Competences and work performance of health professionals have been a concern of the health systems in the world for increasing the quality of services, and have required, from the universities of medical sciences, to provide them with professionals with adequate capabilities and professional performance. Objective: To inform the scientific community of the results of work and scientific contributions of the Group for the Study of Health Competences during the years 2015-2016. Methods: A qualitative study of a descriptive nature of the scientific activity developed by the Group for the Study of Health Competences was carried out. Various activities were carried out, such as workshops, conferences, presentation of topics and discussion group. Results: The group made up by 15 professionals from the University of Medical Sciences of Havana, set out different work objectives and discussed issues related to the definitions, history and evolution of competences, methodologies, scientometrics, and professional competences in Internal Medicine, Intensive Medicine and Emergencies and Pediatrics, mainly. Fifteen scientific publications were made in seven national and international journals, two doctoral dissertations and an academic curriculum was applied in the vertical internship of the medical major for professional skills. Conclusion: The Group for the Study of Health Competences has carried out a praiseworthy work of technological development, also prospective, propositive and of strategic projection in multiple areas of the biomedical sciences, with very positive results in its scientific production for developing and improving the approach of health competences in Cuba(AU)

Perfil socioeconômico profissional dos naturólogos do Brasil / Professional social and economic profile of Brazilian naturologists

Objetivo: A pesquisa objetivou descrever o perfil sócio econômico profissional dos naturólogos do Brasil. Materiais e método: Tratou-se de um estudo com abrangência nacional, classificado como pesquisa descritiva, de natureza quantitativa e de levantamento. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário desenvolvido pelos autores. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 386 bacharéis em naturologia formados por instituições brasileiras até o ano de 2014 e a coleta de dados realizada entre fevereiro a maio de 2015. Resultados: Segundo os dados obtidos, observa-se que atualmente a Naturologia é uma profissão de predominância feminina (82,5%), cuja idade variou entre 21 e 64 anos, com média de 31 anos. A prevalência dos profissionais concentra-se no estado de São Paulo (45,6%), seguido por Santa Catarina (30,5%). Dentre os respondentes, a maioria (60,6%) atua com a Naturologia, predominando os que atuam no setor privado (78,9%), sendo as práticas mais utilizadas a aromaterapia (85,3%), a terapia floral (77,4%) e a massoterapia (76,1%). Considerações finais: A inserção de naturólogos dentro do Sistema Único de Saúde ainda é baixa, necessitando de maior estimulação para que a atuação deste profissional não corra o risco de se restringir a uma determinada classe social.(AU)

Objective: This work had as objective describing the social and economic profile of professional naturologists from Brasil. Materials and Method: It was a nation-wid study, classifiel as as descritive study, of quantitative and investigative natuure. For data acquiring was developed a questionnaire by the authors. Subjects were 386 professionals of Naturology graduated from brazilian colleges up to 2014 and was conducted between february and april of 2015. Results: According to data obtained, to this date Naturology is a profession majorly selected by women (82,5%), aging from 21 to 64 years, being 31 years the meddium age. Most professional are residents in São Paulo (41,6%), followed by Santa Catarina (30,5%). Amongst the subjects, the majority (60,6%) Works actually in the field of Naturology, mostly in the privat pratices (78,9%), beign aromatherapy (85,3%), floral therapy (77,4%) and masotherpy (76,1%) the most common pratices. Final Considerations: The insrtion of natutrologists in the public healthy system system is still low-profile, needing more stimuli so that the naturologists´ fiels of work does not become restriceted to a determinated social class.(AU)

Atención a la función docente educativa en la formación del médico general / Work with the Teaching-Learning Function in the Formation of the General Practitioner

Introducción: la función docente educativa integra el perfil profesional del médico general, e incluye la responsabilidad con la educación en salud y la participación en la formación de estudiantes. Objetivos: evaluar el tratamiento a la función docente educativa en el plan de estudio y la preparación para asumirla según la percepción de los egresados y elaborar acciones para su atención desde el pregrado. Método: se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, se revisó el plan de estudio y se aplicó cuestionario a 132 recién graduados en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Mariana Grajales Coello, en el período de marzo 2014 a enero 2015. Resultados: el plan de estudio tiene posibilidades desde su diseño para la atención a esta función. Solo 34 (25,75%) dominaban sus seis componentes, participar en actividades docentes con estudiantes (67,6%), desarrollar promoción y educación para la salud (65,8%) y la autoeducación (61,8%); 100% reconocen a la disciplina principal integradora y 66,6% al sexto año como las que más aportaron; 83,95% señalaron a la ayudantía y menos de 50% a la investigación y extensión universitaria; el 43,18% se autoevaluaron de regular y solo el 13,63% se consideraron excelentemente preparados. Se diseñaron acciones en los diferentes colectivos pedagógicos y en otras áreas implicadas. Conclusiones: existen insuficiencias en el tratamiento a la función docente educativa en el pregrado y los egresados reconocen carencias en su preparación para asumirla desde su vida laboral. Se hace una propuesta de acciones a partir de las posibilidades que brinda el currículo, y el trabajo metodológico a sus diferentes niveles.

Introduction: educational teaching function integrates the professional profile of the general practitioner, highlighting the responsibility for health education and participation in training students. Objectives: to evaluate the graduates’ perception on the treatment during their career and their preparation as professionals. Methods: theoretical and empiricist methods were used with a questionare to 132 recently graduated in Faculty of Medical Sciences Holguin. Results: the curriculum is likely from design to care for this function but only 34 (25.75%) dominated the six components, participate in educational activities with students (67.6%), develop promotion and education health (65.8%) and self-education (61.8%); 100% recognize the integrative core discipline and 66.6% in the sixth year as the largest contributors; the 83.95% drew assistantship and less than 50% to research and extension; 43.18% evaluated themselves regularly and only 13.63% were considered excellently prepared. Several actions were designed in the different pedagogical teams as well as in other implied areas. Conclusions: there are inadequacies in treatment educational role in teaching undergraduate and graduates recognize gaps in their preparation to assume from their working lives. A proposal for action from the possibilities offered by the curriculum and methodological work at different levels.

Adherence to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) guidelines to reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy--a representative sample survey in Germany.

PURPOSE: Febrile neutropenia (FN) after chemotherapy increases complications, morbidity, risk of death, reduction of dose delivery and impairs quality of life. Primary granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis after chemotherapy is recommended in the guideline (GL) if the risk of FN is high (≥20%) or intermediate (≥10-20%) with additional risk factors. This study evaluated the implementation of G-CSF GL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sample size of the survey was calculated at 2% of the incidences of malignant lymphoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer in Germany in 2006. Patients were documented retrospectively over three to nine cycles of chemotherapy and FN risk ≥10%. Professional physician profiles were analyzed by classification and regression tree analysis (CART). RESULTS: One hundred ninety-five hematologists-oncologists and pulmonologists and gynecologists specialized in oncology documented data of 666 lung cancer patients, 286 malignant lymphoma patients, and 976 breast cancer patients, with 7805 chemotherapy cycles; 85.1% of physicians claimed adhering to G-CSF GL. Adherence to GL in all high-FN-risk chemotherapy cycles was 15.4% in lung cancer, 84.5% in malignant lymphoma, and 85.6% in breast cancer, and in all intermediate-FN-risk chemotherapy cycles, lung cancer it was 38.8%, malignant lymphoma it was 59.4%, and breast cancer it was 49.3%. G-CSF was overused without additional patient risk factors in 7.2% lung cancer cycles, 16.8% malignant lymphoma cycles, and 17.6% breast cancer cycles. The CART analysis split pulmonologists and other specialists, with the latter adhering more to GL. Pulmonologists, trained less than 22.5 years, adhered better to GL, as did also gynecologists or hematologists-oncologists with professional experience less than 8.1 years. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptance of and adherence to G-CSF GL differed between lung cancer, lymphoma, and breast cancer. Physicians overestimate their adherence to the GL. Physicians adhering to the GL can be characterized.

Abordagem de competências, desenvolvimento humano e educação superior / Approach to competences, human development and higher education

RESUMO Tendo como fundamento a psicologia do desenvolvimento humano, apresenta-se, neste artigo, uma ampliação conceitual à compreensão de competência. Esse é um termo polissêmico, com multiplicidade de concepções epistemológicas, éticas e ideológicas que imprimem complexidade aos processos formativos, especialmente em relação à formação pessoal e profissional na educação superior. Defende-se a noção de competência ancorada na mobilização intencional de diversos recursos próprios ao desenvolvimento humano: processos psicológicos, comportamentos, conhecimentos, afetos, crenças, habilidades, escolhas éticas e estéticas, que devem ser mobilizados pelo sujeito. Apresenta-se, a partir dessa ampliação, uma categorização de competências transversais e possibilidades para sua avaliação. A reflexão pode fundamentar uma atuação crítica de psicólogos e educadores para a mediação do desenvolvimento de competências dos atores do ensino superior.

ABSTRACT Grounded on human development psychology, this paper presents a conceptual expansion of the understanding about competence. This is a polysemic construct, with a wide range of epistemological, ethical and ideological concepts that reinforce the complexity of training processes, especially in relation to personal and professional training in the context of higher education. This paper defends the notion of competence rooted in intentional mobilization of various resources inherent to human development: psychological processes, behaviors, knowledge, emotions, beliefs, aptitudes, ethical and aesthetic choices that the subject must mobilize. From this conceptual expansion, a categorization of transversal competences and possibilities of assessment are presented. Analyses can support critical actions of psychologists and educators to mediate the development of competences of higher education actors.

Propuesta de competencias profesionales para el perfil del egresado en la especialidad de medicina interna en Cuba / Proposition of professional competences for the profile of the graduate in Internal Medicine's specialty in Cuba

Introducción: el programa vigente de la especialidad Medicina Interna todavía no cuenta con una definición de las competencias de la especialidad. Objetivo: Proponer las competencias profesionales para el perfil del egresado en la especialidad de Medicina Interna en Cuba. Material y Métodos: se trabajó en grupos nominales y seminarios-talleres, dirigidos a definir y normalizar las competencias a evaluar según norma la Comisión Nacional de competencia y desempeño del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Resultados: se definieron: 4 áreas de competencias; 5 competencias asistenciales centradas en el método clínico; 3 competencias docentes centradas en la estructura de la actividad; 4 competencias centradas en el ciclo de dirección y 4 competencias centradas en el ciclo de investigación. Además 19 elementos de competencias asistenciales. Conclusiones: la propuesta de competencias concibe la aplicación del análisis en matriz para lograr la validez de contenido y externa de los elementos de competencias(AU)

Introduction: the program in use of the specialty Internal Medicine not yet has a definition of the competitions of this specialty. Objective: Propose the professional competences for the profile of exit of the Internal Medicine's specialist in Cuba. Material and Methods: work at nominal groups and workshops in order to define and to normalize competences to evaluate according to standard of the National Commission for competence and performance of the Health Ministry. Results: It were defined: 4 areas of competence; 5 assistance competences centered in the clinical method; 3 teaching competences centered in the structure of the activity; 4 competences centered in the cycle of administration and 4 competences centered in the cycle of investigation. Besides 19 elements of competences y the assistance functions. Conclusions: the proposal of competences conceives the application of the analysis in matrix to achieve the contents and external validity of the elements of competences(AU)